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Landing is the last part of a flight, where a flying animal, aircraft, or spacecraft returns to the ground. When the flying object returns to water, the process is called alighting , although it is commonly called "landing", "touchdown" a or " splashdown " as well.
The overall objective of the program is to privately develop reusable rockets using vertical-landing technology so as to substantially reduce the cost of space access. Traditionally, the first stages of orbital carrier rockets have been discarded in the ocean once the ascent was complete. Achieving routine recovery and reuse of the launch ...
Mission rules required a landing as soon as possible once the reentry thrusters were used, causing an early end to the flight. [42] Separation failure 18 January 1969: Soyuz 5: Harrowing reentry and landing when the capsule's service module initially refused to separate, causing the spacecraft to begin reentry faced the wrong way.
There have been a total of six spacecraft with humans landing on the Moon starting from 1969 to the last human landing in 1972. The first interplanetary flyby was the 1961 Venera 1 flyby of Venus, though the 1962 Mariner 2 was the first flyby of Venus to return data (closest approach 34,773 kilometers).
Spacecraft failure Flew past Venus on 27 February 1966, closest approach at 02:52 UTC. Communications lost after flyby, before any data could be returned. [12] Molniya-M: Venera 3 (3MV-3 No.1) 16 November 1965: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Lander Spacecraft failure Communications lost as soon as spacecraft entered atmosphere on 1 March 1966, no data ...
These vehicles land on earth much like a plane does, but they usually do not use propellant during landing. Examples are: Space Shuttle orbiter - as part of the main stage; Buran spaceplane - acted as an orbital insertion stage, however Polyus could also be used as a second stage for the Energia launch vehicle. Venturestar - a project of NASA
The Apollo Lunar Module (LM / ˈ l ɛ m /), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program.
Vertical takeoff, horizontal landing (VTHL) is the mode of operation for all current and formerly operational orbital spaceplanes, such as the Boeing X-37, the NASA Space Shuttle, the 1988 Soviet Buran space shuttle, and the PRC CSSHQ/Shenlong. For launch vehicles an advantage of VTHL over HTHL is that the wing can be smaller, since it only has ...