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Learn about the standardised dress and armour of the Roman legions, including the centurions who had decorations and cudgels. See examples of helmets, armour, tunics, belts, shoes and other items of Roman military equipment.
The sarcina was the marching pack carried by Roman legionaries, the heavy infantry of the Roman legions. Most of a legionary's equipment other than his arms and armour would, in early times, have been consigned to a baggage train and borne by mules and carts. The soldiers were also expected to carry much of their rations and equipment themselves.
Learn about the standard weapons and armour used by Roman soldiers, such as the gladius, the pugio, the spatha, the pilum, the scutum and the lorica. The web page also covers the history and evolution of Roman military equipment, from the Republic to the Empire.
Lorica hamata is a type of mail armor used by Roman soldiers for over 600 years. Learn about its history, usage, forging, and features from this comprehensive article.
Caligae were heavy-duty, thick-soled openwork boots, with hobnailed soles, worn by Roman legionaries and auxiliaries. They were made of high quality leather, laced up the center and the ankle, and had a distinctive sound on hard surfaces.
Focale was a woolen or linen scarf worn by ancient Roman soldiers to protect the neck and keep warm. It was also a general term for a scarf or wrapping for the throat in Latin literature and may have influenced the necktie.
Cingulum militare was a Roman military belt with metal fittings that indicated rank and status. Learn about its parts, history, and examples from Pannonia.
Equites were the second property-based class of ancient Rome, ranking below the senators. They also formed the main body of the Roman cavalry, which evolved from a patrician elite to a mixed force of equites and commoners over time.
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