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  2. United States v. Giovanetti - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Giovanetti

    United States v. Giovanetti, 919 F.2d 1223 (7th Cir. 1990), [1] is a criminal case that interpreted the jury instruction known as the ostrich instruction, that willful ignorance counted as knowledge where required for a guilty mind ( mens rea) in complicity to commit a crime. [2] : 762 The court held that willful ignorance required a positive ...

  3. Calculus of negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_negligence

    Tort law. In the United States, the calculus of negligence, also known as the Hand rule, Hand formula, or BPL formula, is a term coined by Judge Learned Hand which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence ). The original description of the calculus was in United States v.

  4. Willful ignorance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willful_ignorance

    e. In law, willful ignorance is when a person seeks to avoid civil or criminal liability for a wrongful act by intentionally keeping themselves unaware of facts that would render them liable or implicated. [1] [2] In United States v. Jewell, the court held that proof of willful ignorance satisfied the requirement of knowledge as to criminal ...

  5. Jury nullification in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_nullification_in_the...

    In the United States, jury nullification occurs when a jury in a criminal case reaches a verdict contrary to the weight of evidence, sometimes because of a disagreement with the relevant law. [1] It has its origins in colonial America under British law. The American jury draws its power of nullification from its right to render a general ...

  6. Even Jury Instructions Are Contentious in Donald Trump’s ...

    www.aol.com/news/even-jury-instructions...

    Prosecutors Pick a Fight Over Potential Jury Instructions Special counsel Jack Smith delivers remarks at the Justice Department on August 1, 2023, in Washington, D.C. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)

  7. Special counsel rips judge's jury instructions request in ...

    www.aol.com/news/special-counsel-rips-judges...

    Special counsel Jack Smith blasted a recent order by the judge in the classified documents case against Donald Trump, saying her request for jury instructions is based on a “fundamentally flawed ...

  8. Jury instructions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_instructions

    Jury instructions. Jury instructions, also known as charges or directions, are a set of legal guidelines given by a judge to a jury in a court of law. They are an important procedural step in a trial by jury, and as such are a cornerstone of criminal process in many common law countries . The purpose of instructions are to inform the jury about ...

  9. Contributory negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributory_negligence

    e. In some common law jurisdictions, contributory negligence is a defense to a tort claim based on negligence. If it is available, the defense completely bars plaintiffs from any recovery if they contribute to their own injury through their own negligence. [1] Because the contributory negligence doctrine can lead to harsh results, many common ...