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e. The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. [1] Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various ...
Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. [1] The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well.
Intermodal container. A 40-foot-long (12.2 m) shipping container. Each of its eight corners has an essential corner casting for hoisting, stacking, and securing. Containers stacked on a large ship. An intermodal container, often called a shipping container, or cargo container, (or simply “container”) is a large metal crate designed and ...
FOB ( free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
t. e. Maritime transport (or ocean transport) or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of people ( passengers) or goods ( cargo) via waterways. Freight transport by sea has been widely used throughout recorded history. The advent of aviation has diminished the importance of sea travel for passengers, though it is still popular ...
Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their vessel to a charterer. The contract between the parties is called a charterparty (from the French "charte partie", or "parted document"). The three main types of charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter .
Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers (also called shipping containers, or ISO containers ). [1] Containerization, also referred as container stuffing or container loading, is the process of unitization of cargoes in exports.
Shipping markets. The international shipping industry can be divided into four closely related shipping markets, each trading in a different commodity: the freight market, the sale and purchase market, the newbuilding market and the demolition market. These four markets are linked by cash flow and push the market traders in the direction they want.
Definition and functions. A freight forwarder is an entity who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers. [3] A carrier is an entity that actually transports goods and may use a variety of shipping modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks ...
The global shipping network is the worldwide network of maritime traffic. From a network science perspective ports represent nodes and routes represent lines . Transportation networks have a crucial role in today's economy, more precisely, maritime traffic is one of the most important drivers of global trade.