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Marriage in ancient Rome was a strictly monogamous institution: under Roman law, a Roman citizen, whether male or female, could have only one spouse at a time. The practice of monogamy distinguished the Greeks and Romans from ancient civilizations in which elite males typically had multiple wives.
Free marriage usually involved two citizens, or a citizen and a person who held Latin rights, and in the later Imperial period and with official permission, soldier-citizens and non-citizens. In a free marriage a bride brought a dowry to the husband: if the marriage ended with no cause of adultery he returned most of it. [69]
While Augustus' new social laws imposed some restriction on manumission, his program of laws promoting marriage also permitted female slaves to be manumitted via marriage to their master, fully legalizing the practice.
Depictions of weddings in ancient Rome generally allude to the Roman gods. In Roman literature, a bride is usually portrayed as a grieving woman who needs to be persuaded or forced to marry. References
Manus (/ ˈ m eɪ n ə s / MAY-nəs; Latin:) was an Ancient Roman type of marriage, of which there were two forms: cum manu and sine manu. In a cum manu marriage, the wife was placed under the legal control of the husband. In a sine manu marriage, the wife remained under the legal control of her father.
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In the time of the Roman Empire (17 BC – 476 AD) the lower classes had "free" marriages. The bride's father would deliver her to the groom, and the two agreed that they were wed, and would keep the vow of marriage by mutual consent.
The beginnings of a new Roman family began with marriage. Marriage was a means to provide sons to serve Rome. [2] : 24 Women were married young, normally to men much older than themselves.
To the extent a Roman woman in a free marriage lived beyond the daily supervision of her father, she enjoyed a higher degree of autonomy than most women in the ancient world. By the Late Republic divorce and remarriage was relatively common, though some felt it was virtuous to marry only once.
Susan Treggiari is an English scholar of Ancient Rome, [1] emeritus professor of Stanford University and retired member of the Faculty of Classics at the University of Oxford. [2] Her specialist areas of study are the family and marriage in ancient Rome, Cicero and the late Roman Republic.
In ancient Rome, confarreatio was a traditional patrician form of marriage. The ceremony involved the bride and bridegroom sharing a cake of emmer , in Latin far or panis farreus , [2] [3] hence the rite's name.