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Malware (a portmanteau of malicious software) [1] is any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the user's computer security and privacy.
The Intel 8085 ("eighty-eighty-five") is an 8-bit microprocessor produced by Intel and introduced in March 1976. [2] It is the last 8-bit microprocessor developed by Intel. It is software-binary compatible with the more-famous Intel 8080 with only two minor instructions added to support its added interrupt and serial input/output features.
Standard PC BIOS is limited to a 16-bit processor mode and 1 MB of addressable memory space, resulting from the design based on the IBM 5150 that used a 16-bit Intel 8088 processor. [7] [33] In comparison, the processor mode in a UEFI environment can be either 32-bit (IA-32, AArch32) or 64-bit (x86-64, Itanium, and AArch64).
The 8086 and 8088 start at physical address FFFF0h. [21] The 80286 starts at physical address FFFFF0h. [22] The 80386 and later x86 processors start at physical address FFFFFFF0h. [23] [24] [25] When the system is initialized, the first instruction of the BIOS appears at that address.
Windows 3.0 could run in real, standard, or 386 enhanced modes, and was compatible with any Intel processor from the 8086/8088 up to the 80286 and 80386. This was the first version to run Windows programs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel was an enhanced version of the protected mode kernel in Windows/386.
In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the "Turbo PC", selling for US$795 (equivalent to $1,913 in 2023) [18] and containing an Intel 8088-compatible processor capable of running at a maximum speed of 8 MHz. [19]
At the same time other vendors managed to squeeze much more functionality into a single boot sector without relaxing the original constraints on only minimal available memory (32 KB) and processor support (8088/8086).