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In mathematics and statistics, deviation serves as a measure to quantify the disparity between an observed value of a variable and another designated value, frequently the mean of that variable. Deviations with respect to the sample mean and the population mean (or " true value ") are called errors and residuals , respectively.
Gross register tonnage (GRT, grt, g.r.t., gt), or gross registered tonnage, is a ship's total internal volume expressed in "register tons", each of which is equal to 100 cubic feet (2.83 m 3).
The original TI-30. The TI-30 is a scientific calculator manufactured by Texas Instruments, the first model of which was introduced in 1976.While the original TI-30 was discontinued in 1983 after several design revisions, TI maintains the TI-30 designation as a branding for its low and mid-range scientific calculators.
Solar-powered calculators are hand-held electronic calculators powered by solar cells mounted on the device. [1] They were introduced at the end of the 1970s. [2]Amorphous silicon has been used as a photovoltaic solar cell material for devices which require very little power, such as pocket calculators, because their lower performance compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells is ...
Fermi–Dirac statistics applies to fermions (particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle), and Bose–Einstein statistics applies to bosons. As the quantum concentration depends on temperature, most systems at high temperatures obey the classical (Maxwell–Boltzmann) limit, unless they also have a very high density, as for a white dwarf .
This problem remained unsolved until the development of Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermi–Dirac statistics was first published in 1926 by Enrico Fermi [1] and Paul Dirac. [2] According to Max Born, Pascual Jordan developed in 1925 the same statistics, which he called Pauli statistics, but it was not published in a timely manner.
Marchant XLA calculator, based on Friden's design. The Marchant Calculating Machine Company was founded in 1911 by Rodney and Alfred Marchant in Oakland, California.. The company built mechanical, and then electromechanical calculators which had a reputation for reliability.
Casio V.P.A.M. calculators are scientific calculators made by Casio which use Casio's Visually Perfect Algebraic Method (V.P.A.M.), Natural Display or Natural V.P.A.M. input methods. V.P.A.M. is an infix system for entering mathematical expressions, used by Casio in most of its current scientific calculators.