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Strategyproofness. In mechanism design, a strategyproof (SP) mechanism is a game in which each player has a weakly- dominant strategy, so that no player can gain by "spying" over the other players to know what they are going to play. When the players have private information (e.g. their type or their value to some item), and the strategy space ...
The green circle covers ASEAN. Free and Open Indo-Pacific ( FOIP; Japanese: 自由で開かれたインド太平洋戦略, romanized : jiyū de hirakareta Indotaiheiyō senryaku) is an umbrella term that encompasses Indo-Pacific -specific strategies of countries with similar interests in the region. [1] The concept, with its origins in Weimar ...
This pricing strategy is frequently used where the value to the customer is many times the cost of producing the item or service. For instance, the cost of producing a software CD is about the same independent of the software on it, but the prices vary with the perceived value the customers are expected to have.
In nuclear warfare. In nuclear warfare theory, a decapitation strike is a pre-emptive first strike attack that aims to destabilize an opponent's military and civil leadership structure [5] in the hope that it will severely degrade or destroy its capacity for nuclear retaliation. It is essentially a subset of a counterforce strike but whereas a ...
U-boat campaign. The U-boat campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies. It took place largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean . The German Empire relied on imports for food and domestic food production (especially fertilizer) and the ...
GHG emissions from shipping are about 3% of total GHG emissions, and under this strategy the IMO envisions their elimination within this century. However many companies and organizations say shipping should be decarbonized by 2050. International shipping was not covered by the 2015 Paris Agreement, which seeks to limit climate change.
Strategic defence is a type of military planning doctrine and a set defense and/or combat activities used for the purpose of deterring, resisting, and repelling a strategic offensive, conducted as either a territorial or airspace, invasion or attack; or as part of a cyberspace attack in cyberwarfare; or a naval offensive to interrupt shipping lane traffic as a form of economic warfare.
Biological bet hedging was originally proposed to explain the observation of a seed bank, or a reservoir of ungerminated seeds in the soil. [1] For example, an annual plant 's fitness is maximized for that year if all of its seeds germinate. However, if a drought occurs that kills germinated plants, but not ungerminated seeds, plants with seeds ...