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The trace or tensor contraction, considered as a mapping. The map , representing scalar multiplication as a sum of outer products. The generalized Kronecker delta or multi-index Kronecker delta of order is a type tensor that is completely antisymmetric in its upper indices, and also in its lower indices. Two definitions that differ by a factor ...
Delta ratio. In nephrology, the delta ratio, or " delta-delta " (denoted Δ/Δ), is a formula that can be used to evaluate whether a mixed acid–base disorder (metabolic acidosis) is present, and if so, assess its severity. The anion gap (AG) without potassium is calculated first and if a metabolic acidosis is present, results in either a high ...
The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, Keq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, ΔrH⊖, for the process. The subscript means "reaction" and the superscript means "standard". It was proposed by Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff in 1884 in his book ...
Enthalpy (/ ˈ ɛ n θ əl p i / ⓘ) is the sum of a thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume. [1] It is a state function in thermodynamics used in many measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant external pressure, which is conveniently provided by the large ambient atmosphere.
Dielectric loss. In electrical engineering, dielectric loss quantifies a dielectric material 's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat). [1] It can be parameterized in terms of either the loss angle δ or the corresponding loss tangent tan (δ). Both refer to the phasor in the complex plane whose real and imaginary parts are ...
Enthalpy of mixing can often be ignored in calculations for mixtures where other heat terms exist, or in cases where the mixture is ideal. [2] The sign convention is the same as for enthalpy of reaction: when the enthalpy of mixing is positive, mixing is endothermic, while negative enthalpy of mixing signifies exothermic mixing. In ideal ...
Darcy–Weisbach equation. In fluid dynamics, the Darcy–Weisbach equation is an empirical equation that relates the head loss, or pressure loss, due to friction along a given length of pipe to the average velocity of the fluid flow for an incompressible fluid. The equation is named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach.
The azimuthal angle is denoted by. φ ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] {\displaystyle \varphi \in [0,2\pi ]} : it is the angle between the x -axis and the projection of the radial vector onto the xy -plane. The function atan2 (y, x) can be used instead of the mathematical function arctan (y/x) owing to its domain and image. The classical arctan function has an ...