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Hypersensitive response ( HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens. HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant. It is analogous to the innate immune system ...
The WHO defines antimicrobial resistance as a microorganism's resistance to an antimicrobial drug that was once able to treat an infection by that microorganism. [2] A person cannot become resistant to antibiotics. Resistance is a property of the microbe, not a person or other organism infected by a microbe. [33]
Credit: Prof. Robert Dutton in CRC Electronic Design Automation for IC Handbook, Vol II, Chapter 25, by permission. Semiconductor device modeling creates models for the behavior of the electrical devices based on fundamental physics, such as the doping profiles of the devices. It may also include the creation of compact models (such as the well ...
Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. Although fungi are eukaryotic, many pathogenic fungi are microorganisms. [1] Approximately 300 fungi are known to be pathogenic to humans; [2] their study is called " medical mycology ". Fungal infections are estimated to kill more people than either tuberculosis or ...
Reverse Vaccinology Flowchart. Reverse vaccinology is an improvement of vaccinology that employs bioinformatics and reverse pharmacology practices, pioneered by Rino Rappuoli and first used against Serogroup B meningococcus. [1] Since then, it has been used on several other bacterial vaccines. [2] [full citation needed]
ELIZA. ELIZA is an early natural language processing computer program developed from 1964 to 1967 [1] at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum. [2] [3] Created to explore communication between humans and machines, ELIZA simulated conversation by using a pattern matching and substitution methodology that gave users an illusion of understanding on the part of ...
A massive open online course ( MOOC / muːk /) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. [1] In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to ...
List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software. Quantum chemistry computer programs are used in computational chemistry to implement the methods of quantum chemistry. Most include the Hartree–Fock (HF) and some post-Hartree–Fock methods. They may also include density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics or semi-empirical ...