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In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number, or basic reproductive number (sometimes called basic reproduction ratio or basic reproductive rate ), denoted (pronounced R nought or R zero ), [1] of an infection is the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. [2]
In epidemiology, particularly in the discussion of infectious disease dynamics (modeling), the latent period (also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period) is the time interval between when an individual or host is infected by a pathogen and when that individual becomes infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting pathogens to ...
Infectious disease dynamics. Mathematical models need to integrate the increasing volume of data being generated on host - pathogen interactions. Many theoretical studies of the population dynamics, structure and evolution of infectious diseases of plants and animals, including humans, are concerned with this problem.
Infectivity. In epidemiology, infectivity is the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection. More specifically, infectivity is the extent to which the pathogen can enter, survive, and multiply in a host. It is measured by the ratio of the number of people who become infected to the total number exposed to the pathogen.
Incubation period (also known as the latent period or latency period) is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical, or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent. [1] In a typical infectious disease, the incubation period signifies the period taken by the multiplying organism to reach a threshold ...
Pathogen transmission. In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. [1] The term strictly refers to the transmission of ...
Lethal dose. In toxicology, the lethal dose ( LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation. Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the "lethal dose" represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die.
Minimum inhibitory concentration. In microbiology, the minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC) is the lowest concentration of a chemical, usually a drug, which prevents visible in vitro growth of bacteria or fungi. [1] [2] MIC testing is performed in both diagnostic [1] [2] and drug discovery laboratories.