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Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., Latin: Litterarum Doctor or Doctor Litterarum) also termed "Doctor of Literature" in some countries is a terminal degree in the arts, humanities and social sciences that, depending on the country, is a higher doctorate after the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree or equivalent to a higher doctorate, such as the Doctor of Science (Sc.D. or D.Sc.) or Doctor ...
Many degree titles have more than one possible abbreviation, with the abbreviation used varying between different universities. In the UK it is normal not to punctuate abbreviations for degrees with full stops (e.g. "BSc" rather than "B.Sc."), although this is done at some universities.
The abbreviations of the titles of Roman Congregations, and of the individual canonical ecclesiastical authorities, belong also to this class. Liturgical [ edit ] A second class of abbreviations includes those used in the description of liturgical acts or the directions for their performance, e.g. the Holy Mass , the Divine Office ( Breviary ...
A.D. anno Domini "in the year of the Lord" Used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The A.D. or the Christian calendar era is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth, with A.D. counting years after the start of this epoch, and B.C. counting years before the start of ...
The new degrees of DClinPsychol and EngD are professional degrees in the American model. The EngD is the only Oxford degree to use the Cambridge abbreviation format. Order of academic standing. Members of the University of Oxford are ranked according to their degree. The order is as follows: Doctor of Divinity; Doctor of Civil Law
Although conferred in English, the degree may be abbreviated in Latin (viz., compare Latin Ed.D. used for either Doctor of Education or Educationis Doctor; and M.D., used for both Medicinae Doctor and Doctor of Medicine, the latter which can also be abbreviated D.M.). Doctor of Juridical Science: S.J.D. An academic, not a professional designation.
Since then, the list of recognized research degrees has been constant, although most Ed.D. degree programs were determined to have a professional rather than research focus and removed from the survey in 2010–2011; despite this, the Ed.D. remains the second most popular research doctorate in the SED after the Ph.D in 2022. (albeit with 0.9% ...
L.Ed — Lawyers' Edition. L.Ed.2d — Lawyers 2nd Edition. LJ – Postnominals of a Lord or Lady Justice of Appeal (United Kingdom) LJJ – Postnominals of Lords or Ladies Justice of Appeal, plural (United Kingdom) LL.B. – Legum Baccalaureus — Bachelor of Laws. LLC — Limited liability company. LL.D. – Legum Doctor — Doctor of Law.