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Stoplogs are hydraulic engineering control elements that are used in floodgates to adjust the water level or discharge in a river, canal, or reservoir. Stoplogs are sometimes confused with flashboards, as both elements are used in bulkhead or crest gates. Stoplogs are typically long rectangular timber beams or boards that are placed on top of ...
Stopping power (particle radiation) In nuclear and materials physics, stopping power is the retarding force acting on charged particles, typically alpha and beta particles, due to interaction with matter, resulting in loss of particle kinetic energy. [1] [2] Stopping power is also interpreted as the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic ...
Aluminium or aluminum ( 13 Al) has 22 known isotopes from 22 Al to 43 Al and 4 known isomers. Only 27 Al ( stable isotope) and 26 Al ( radioactive isotope, t 1/2 = 7.2 × 105 y) occur naturally, however 27 Al comprises nearly all natural aluminium. Other than 26 Al, all radioisotopes have half-lives under 7 minutes, most under a second.
History of aluminium. Extrusion billets of aluminium in Yugoslavia, 1968. Aluminium (or aluminum) metal is very rare in native form, and the process to refine it from ores is complex, so for most of human history it was unknown. However, the compound alum has been known since the 5th century BCE and was used extensively by the ancients for dyeing.
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Aluminium smelting. Straumsvik aluminum smelter, operated by Rio Tinto Alcan in Iceland. Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina, generally by the Hall-Héroult process. Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery .
Liquid metal embrittlement (also known as LME and liquid metal induced embrittlement) is a phenomenon of practical importance, where certain ductile metals experience drastic loss in tensile ductility or undergo brittle fracture when exposed to specific liquid metals. Generally, tensile stress, either externally applied or internally present ...
Aluminium amalgam may be prepared by either grinding aluminium pellets or wire in mercury, or by allowing aluminium wire to react with a solution of mercury (II) chloride in water. [1] [2] This amalgam is used as a chemical reagent to reduce compounds, such as the reduction of imines to amines. The aluminium is the ultimate electron donor, and ...
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