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Informally, a function f assigns an output f(x) to every input x. We say that the function has a limit L at an input p, if f(x) gets closer and closer to L as x moves closer and closer to p. More specifically, the output value can be made arbitrarily close to L if the input to f is taken sufficiently close to p.
On the other hand, if X is the domain of a function f(x) and if the limit as n approaches infinity of f(x n) is L for every arbitrary sequence of points {x n} in X − x 0 which converges to x 0, then the limit of the function f(x) as x approaches x 0 is equal to L. [10] One such sequence would be {x 0 + 1/n}.
In mathematical analysis, limit superior and limit inferior are important tools for studying sequences of real numbers.Since the supremum and infimum of an unbounded set of real numbers may not exist (the reals are not a complete lattice), it is convenient to consider sequences in the affinely extended real number system: we add the positive and negative infinities to the real line to give the ...
Illustration of the squeeze theorem When a sequence lies between two other converging sequences with the same limit, it also converges to this limit.. In calculus, the squeeze theorem (also known as the sandwich theorem, among other names [a]) is a theorem regarding the limit of a function that is bounded between two other functions.
One can state a one-sided comparison test by using limit superior. Let a n , b n ≥ 0 {\displaystyle a_{n},b_{n}\geq 0} for all n {\displaystyle n} . Then if lim sup n → ∞ a n b n = c {\displaystyle \limsup _{n\to \infty }{\frac {a_{n}}{b_{n}}}=c} with 0 ≤ c < ∞ {\displaystyle 0\leq c<\infty } and Σ n b n {\displaystyle \Sigma _{n}b ...
Here, one can see that the sequence is converging to the limit 0 as n increases. In the real numbers , a number L {\displaystyle L} is the limit of the sequence ( x n ) {\displaystyle (x_{n})} , if the numbers in the sequence become closer and closer to L {\displaystyle L} , and not to any other number.
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares.It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [2]
In particular, the density is highly sensitive to the discriminant of the polynomial, b 2 − 16c. The primes of the form 4x 2 − 2x + 41 with x = 0, 1, 2, ... have been highlighted in purple. The prominent parallel line in the lower half of the figure corresponds to 4x 2 + 2x + 41 or, equivalently, to negative values of x.